Hey Guys, welcome back to our channel, and for today’s video, we will share our step-by-step method to determine the Lewis Structure of BrF2- ion. We start by first counting the total number... SCO Lewis structure formal charges: Calculate the formal charges on atoms using the following formula: Formal charge = valence electrons – nonbonding electrons – ½ bonding electrons. For oxygen and sulfur atom, formal charge = 6 – 6 – ½ (2) = -1. For carbon atom, formal charge = 4 – 0 – ½ (4) = +2. 6. 144 views, 2 likes, 0 loves, 0 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Geometry Of Molecules: BrF2- Lewis Structure Hey Guys, welcome back to our channel, and for today’s video, we will share...BrF 2 Lewis structure shape: BrF2 Lewis structure do not have any shape because the central bromine atom is surrounded by 4.5 regions of electron density – two single bonds and 2.5 lone pairs, which means that its steric number will be equal to 4.5 which is a decimal digit. This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. See Answer. Question: Draw a Lewis Dot structure for BrF2^-. Please show all nonbonding electrons. Show transcribed image text. What is the Lewis structure of the polyatomic anion IBr32− This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts.A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the I3 - Lewis Dot Structure (Triiodide ion).For the I3 - structure use the periodic table to find the total number...Beryllium fluoride | BeF2 | CID 24589 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities ...Brf2 Lewis Struktura, charakteristika:13 Musí znát fakta. Brom difluorid (BrF 2) lze považovat za interhalogenovou sloučeninu. Zde budeme diskutovat o BrF 2 Lewisova struktura a jak nám pomohla studovat její geometrii, hybridizaci, osamocené páry atd. Ve struktuře Brf21 Lewis je celkem 2 valenčních elektronů, ve kterých má ...Brf2 Lewis Struktura, charakteristika:13 Musí znát fakta. Brom difluorid (BrF 2) lze považovat za interhalogenovou sloučeninu. Zde budeme diskutovat o BrF 2 Lewisova struktura a jak nám pomohla studovat její geometrii, hybridizaci, osamocené páry atd. Ve struktuře Brf21 Lewis je celkem 2 valenčních elektronů, ve kterých má ... A Lewis structure can be drawn for a molecule or ion by following three steps: Step 1: Count the total number of valence electrons. For a neutral molecule, sum the numbers of valence electrons of each atom in the molecule. For a negative ion, add to the sum the magnitude of the charge. For a positive ion, subtract from the sum the magnitude of ...TUTOR Ideal Repulsion Shapes The Lewis structure for XeF4 is shown. What is the electron-pair geometry around the central atom? .. OF: Electron Pair Geometry: Submit Show Approach Show Tutor Sters EXERCISE Drawing Lewis Structures | Complete the Lewis structure for this species: IF3 Enter the total number of valence electrons in the box.The bond angle of SF2 is around 98º. The lewis structure of SF2 has 4 bonding electrons and 16 nonbonding electrons. The hybridization for SF2 is Sp 3. SF2 is polar because of its bent geometrical shape and large electronegativity difference between sulfur and a fluorine atom.Apr 20, 2015 · Ernest Z. Apr 20, 2015. The answer is B) 3. The number of valence electrons is 7 + 2×7 + 1 = 22. If you draw a trial structure in which Br is the central atom and every atom has an octet, you will have used 20 electrons (2 lone pair on Br). The two extra lone pair electrons go on the Br. So Br has three lone pairs in BrF− 2. See full list on knordslearning.com Resonance is a mental exercise and method within the Valence Bond Theory of bonding that describes the delocalization of electrons within molecules. It compares and contrasts two or more possible Lewis structures that can represent a particular molecule. Resonance structures are used when one Lewis structure for a single molecule cannot fully ...Question: In Lewis structure for BrF2+ (Make Br central atom, and make formal charge on F zero). How many lone pairs in the whole structure?Draw the Lewis structure for the bromine difluoride (BrF2) ion. This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. XeF2 is an abbreviation for the chemical compound Xenon Difluoride. It is a powerful fluorinating as well as an oxidizing agent. Apart from XeF2, there are other Xenon compounds such as XeF4 ( Xenon Tetrafluoride) and XeF6 ( Xenon Hexafluoride). Out of these compounds, XeF2 is the most stable one. It is a white.Question: K 5: Chapter 4 Review 10/28/19 55.14 out of 70 See Periodic Table See Hint Draw a Lewis dot structure for BrF2. Show all nonbonding electrons. Select a tool to begin drawing Marcin S SUBMIT ANSW < 19/21 > 16 OF 21 QUESTIONS COMPLETED w] PIEBrf2 Lewis структурира самотни двойки. Ако разгледаме централния атом Br в BrF2 Структура на Люис в него има 5 несвързани електрона. Това означава, че има Br има 2 самотни двойки електрони и един ... You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: 2. Draw the Lewis dot structure for each of the following molecules or ions. Determine the number of bonding and nonbonding electron domains and indicate their electron domain and molecular geometries. a. Hence 17 pairs of electrons participate to form a SeCl4 molecule. SeCl4 lewis structure. Being the less electronegative atom, Selenium is the central atom in the molecule. Chlorine atoms are around the central atom. Four Chlorine atoms form sigma bonds (single bond) with Selenium atom. Eight electrons (four pairs of electrons) take part in bond ... There are three common types of molecules that form these structures, molecules with two single bonds (BeH 2 ), molecules with a two double bonds (CO2) and molecules with a single and triple bond (HCN). H-Be-H. O=C=O. H − C ≡ N. BeH 2. CO 2. HCN. Note, Beryllium can have less than an octet, while carbon can not.Step #1: Calculate the total number of valence electrons. Here, the given ion is IBr2- ion. In order to draw the lewis structure of IBr2-, first of all you have to find the total number of valence electrons present in the IBr2- ion. (Valence electrons are the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom).Jun 28, 2013 · 27 19K views 10 years ago A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the BrF2 Lewis Dot Structure (Bromine difluoride). For the BrF2 structure use the periodic table to find the total... Multiply that by 2, for a total of 14 valence electrons for the Br2 Lewis structure. First, we'll draw two Bromine atoms next to each other. We have 14 valence electrons for Br2. We'll put two between atoms to form a chemical bond. Then we'll go around the atoms: 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10, 12, 14. So we've used all 14 valence electrons.Hence 17 pairs of electrons participate to form a SeCl4 molecule. SeCl4 lewis structure. Being the less electronegative atom, Selenium is the central atom in the molecule. Chlorine atoms are around the central atom. Four Chlorine atoms form sigma bonds (single bond) with Selenium atom. Eight electrons (four pairs of electrons) take part in bond ...This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. See Answer. Question: Draw a Lewis Dot structure for BrF2^-. Please show all nonbonding electrons. Show transcribed image text.A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the IBr2 + Lewis Dot Structure (Iodine dibromide cation).For the IBr2 + structure use the periodic table to find th...Beryllium fluoride (BeF2) lewis dot structure, molecular geometry, electron geometry, polar or nonpolar, bond angle. Beryllium fluoride is an inorganic compound that appears as colorless lumps have a chemical formula BeF2. It is an odorless white solid also known as fluoride salt of beryllium. It is commonly used in biochemistry.In the correct Lewis Structure for \text{ClOCN} (skeleton [\text{Cl O C N} ] ) how many lone pairs (unshared pairs) are in the entire molecule? What is the Lewis dot structure for N2? The Lewis structure for phosphine, PH3, has: a) four bonds. b) two bonds and two lone pairs. c) three bonds and one lone pair.In the correct Lewis Structure for \text{ClOCN} (skeleton [\text{Cl O C N} ] ) how many lone pairs (unshared pairs) are in the entire molecule? What is the Lewis dot structure for N2? The Lewis structure for phosphine, PH3, has: a) four bonds. b) two bonds and two lone pairs. c) three bonds and one lone pair.BrF2 Lewisova struktura nemají žádný tvar, protože centrální atom bromu je obklopen 4.5 oblastmi elektronové hustoty – dvěma jednoduchými vazbami a 2.5 volnými páry, což znamená, že jeho stérické číslo bude rovno 4.5, což je desetinná číslice.Expert Answer. Flourine, Bromine, Iodine these all belong …. a. Choose the complete Lewis structure for the following partially completed Lewis structure. FF Br F F F Br. F F Bi F: FF BAS F: F :F Brz Enter the total number of valence electrons in the box b. Choose the complete Lewis structure for the following partially completed Lewis structure. A Lewis structure can be drawn for a molecule or ion by following three steps: Step 1: Count the total number of valence electrons. For a neutral molecule, sum the numbers of valence electrons of each atom in the molecule. For a negative ion, add to the sum the magnitude of the charge. For a positive ion, subtract from the sum the magnitude of ...Ernest Z. Apr 20, 2015. The answer is B) 3. The number of valence electrons is 7 + 2×7 + 1 = 22. If you draw a trial structure in which Br is the central atom and every atom has an octet, you will have used 20 electrons (2 lone pair on Br). The two extra lone pair electrons go on the Br. So Br has three lone pairs in BrF− 2.In this structure Each single bond is 1σ bond . What are the Lewis structure rules? Lewis Structure of CO2 The central atom of this molecule is carbon. Oxygen contains 6 valence electrons which form 2 lone pairs. Lewis Structure of O2 An atom of oxygen contains 6 electrons in the valence shell. Lewis Structure of CO (Carbon Monoxide)This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: To select a structure click and drag a green box around the entire structure Select the best Lewis dot structure for BrF2 ら\. " FFBr < 151s 16 OF 18. See full list on knordslearning.com 166 views, 2 likes, 0 loves, 0 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Geometry Of Molecules: BrF2- Lewis Structure Hey Guys, welcome back to our channel, and for today’s video, we will share...166 views, 2 likes, 0 loves, 0 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Geometry Of Molecules: BrF2- Lewis Structure Hey Guys, welcome back to our channel, and for today’s video, we will share... 1.- Draw Lewis structures for the following molecules andions: a) N 2 F 2, b)NCl 3 c)CH 3 COO - d)CH 3 CH 2 NH 3 + You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. See Answer. Question: 15) Write Lewis structures for the following ions: (a) BrF2', (b) S22,and (c) sCN. For parts (a) and (c), calculate the formal charges of the central atom. Show transcribed image text.Brf2 Lewis structura resonantia BrF2 Cicero compages resonantium structuram non habet ratio, quia octet cum 9 electrons in testa valentia habet dilatatum. in BRF * 2 atomi fluorini 2 octetas integras habent et extra electronas accommodare non possunt, ac etiam pro atomo bromine habet 9 electrons in cortice extimo ob praesentiam inanes 4d ... Step 1: Figure out how many electrons the molecule must have, based on the number of valence electrons in each atom. When drawing the structure of an ion, be sure to add/subtract electrons to account for the charge. Step 2: Connect the atoms to each other with single bonds to form a “skeleton structure.”.There are three common types of molecules that form these structures, molecules with two single bonds (BeH 2 ), molecules with a two double bonds (CO2) and molecules with a single and triple bond (HCN). H-Be-H. O=C=O. H − C ≡ N. BeH 2. CO 2. HCN. Note, Beryllium can have less than an octet, while carbon can not. This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: Draw the Lewis structure of the bromine difluoride cation, BrF2+ Do not include brackets or formal charges. If the molecule exhibits resonance, draw only one (1) of the resonance forms.Apr 29, 2023 · In BrF 2– Lewis structure, there are two single bonds around the bromine atom, with two fluorine atoms attached to it, and each atom has three lone pairs. Also, there is a negative (-1) charge on the bromine atom. How to Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for BrF2- Watch on Steps #1 Draw a rough sketch of the structure Draw the Lewis Structure, identify its geometry, and determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar of the; Draw the Lewis structure for ICl4- and provide the following information. a. total number of valence electrons b. number of nonbonding electron pairs c. electron geometry d. molecular geometry e. polarity; Draw the Lewis structure for CO. Beryllium fluoride | BeF2 | CID 24589 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities ...Step #1: Calculate the total number of valence electrons. Here, the given ion is IBr2- ion. In order to draw the lewis structure of IBr2-, first of all you have to find the total number of valence electrons present in the IBr2- ion. (Valence electrons are the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom).Jan 1, 2021 · A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the IBr2 + Lewis Dot Structure (Iodine dibromide cation).For the IBr2 + structure use the periodic table to find th... This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: To select a structure click and drag a green box around the entire structure Select the best Lewis dot structure for BrF2 ら\. " FFBr < 151s 16 OF 18. This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: To select a structure click and drag a green box around the entire structure Select the best Lewis dot structure for BrF2 ら\. " FFBr < 151s 16 OF 18. A chemical structure of a molecule includes the arrangement of atoms and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together. The Vinyl iodide molecule contains a total of 5 bond (s). There are 2 non-H bond (s), 1 multiple bond (s), and 1 double bond (s). Images of the chemical structure of Vinyl iodide are given below: 2-dimensional (2D) chemical ...May 20, 2018 · The attraction between oppositely charged ions is called an ionic bond, and it is one of the main types of chemical bonds in chemistry. Ionic bonds are caused by electrons transferring from one atom to another. In electron transfer, the number of electrons lost must equal the number of electrons gained. We saw this in the formation of NaCl. This is the Lewis structure for BrF2. Bromine has 7 valence electrons, as does Fluorine. We have two Fluorines. So 7 plus 14 equals 21. So we have an odd number of valence electrons in the Lewis structure for BrF2. That means one electron is going to go unpaired. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: 2. Draw the Lewis dot structure for each of the following molecules or ions. Determine the number of bonding and nonbonding electron domains and indicate their electron domain and molecular geometries. a. Drawing the Lewis Structure for XeF 2. Video: Drawing the Lewis Structure for XeF 2. For the XeF2 Lewis structure we first count the valence electrons for the XeF2 molecule using the periodic table. Once we know how many valence electrons there are in XeF2 we can distribute them around the central atom and attempt to fill the outer shells of ... Oct 28, 2019 · Question: K 5: Chapter 4 Review 10/28/19 55.14 out of 70 See Periodic Table See Hint Draw a Lewis dot structure for BrF2. Show all nonbonding electrons. Select a tool to begin drawing Marcin S SUBMIT ANSW < 19/21 > 16 OF 21 QUESTIONS COMPLETED w] PIE 27 19K views 10 years ago A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the BrF2 Lewis Dot Structure (Bromine difluoride). For the BrF2 structure use the periodic table to find the total...SCO Lewis structure formal charges: Calculate the formal charges on atoms using the following formula: Formal charge = valence electrons – nonbonding electrons – ½ bonding electrons. For oxygen and sulfur atom, formal charge = 6 – 6 – ½ (2) = -1. For carbon atom, formal charge = 4 – 0 – ½ (4) = +2. 6. Give the Lewis structure for the polyatomic ion SO4-2. Give the Lewis structure for the polyatomic ion PO_4^3-. Draw and explain the Lewis structure for ClCN. Write Lewis structures for these molecules or ions. (a) ClF (b) H_2Se; Draw the Lewis structure for the I3+ ion and describe its molecular geometry. Draw and explain the Lewis structure ... Step 2: Select the central atom. For selecting the center atom, you have to remember that the atom which is less electronegative remains at the center. Now here the given ion is PO3- ion and it contains phosphorus atom (P) and oxygen atoms (O). You can see the electronegativity values of phosphorus atom (P) and oxygen atom (O) in the above ...144 views, 2 likes, 0 loves, 0 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Geometry Of Molecules: BrF2- Lewis Structure Hey Guys, welcome back to our channel, and for today’s video, we will share...1.- Draw Lewis structures for the following molecules andions: a) N 2 F 2, b)NCl 3 c)CH 3 COO - d)CH 3 CH 2 NH 3 +Expert Answer. Flourine, Bromine, Iodine these all belong …. a. Choose the complete Lewis structure for the following partially completed Lewis structure. FF Br F F F Br. F F Bi F: FF BAS F: F :F Brz Enter the total number of valence electrons in the box b. Choose the complete Lewis structure for the following partially completed Lewis structure.Apr 20, 2015 · Ernest Z. Apr 20, 2015. The answer is B) 3. The number of valence electrons is 7 + 2×7 + 1 = 22. If you draw a trial structure in which Br is the central atom and every atom has an octet, you will have used 20 electrons (2 lone pair on Br). The two extra lone pair electrons go on the Br. So Br has three lone pairs in BrF− 2. There are three common types of molecules that form these structures, molecules with two single bonds (BeH 2 ), molecules with a two double bonds (CO2) and molecules with a single and triple bond (HCN). H-Be-H. O=C=O. H − C ≡ N. BeH 2. CO 2. HCN. Note, Beryllium can have less than an octet, while carbon can not. Brf2 Lewis szerkezeti magányos párok. Ha a BrF2 központi Br atomját nézzük Lewis szerkezete 5 nem kötött elektron van benne. Ez azt jelenti, hogy a Br-nek 2 magányos elektronpárja és egyetlen párosítatlan elektronja van Minden fluoratomban 6 nem kötött elektron található, azaz minden fluoratomban 3 magányos elektronpár ...The hybridization that takes place in BrF 3 is sp 3 d. We will understand how hybridization of BrF 3 occurs in the molecules as well as its molecular geometry and the bond angles below. Name of the Molecule. Bromine Trifluoride. Molecular Formula. BrF 3. Hybridization Type. sp 3 d. Bond Angle. A resonance form is another way of drawing a Lewis dot structure for a given compound. Equivalent Lewis structures are called resonance forms. They are used when there is more than one way to place double bonds and lone pairs on atoms. Resonance structures arise when there are more than one way to draw a Lewis dot diagram that satisfies the ...This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: Draw the Lewis structure of the bromine difluoride cation, BrF2+ Do not include brackets or formal charges. If the molecule exhibits resonance, draw only one (1) of the resonance forms.SCO Lewis structure formal charges: Calculate the formal charges on atoms using the following formula: Formal charge = valence electrons – nonbonding electrons – ½ bonding electrons. For oxygen and sulfur atom, formal charge = 6 – 6 – ½ (2) = -1. For carbon atom, formal charge = 4 – 0 – ½ (4) = +2. 6.Science Chemistry In Lewis structure for BRF2 (Make Br central atom). H O 3 4 O5 0 7 O 8 0 9 O 10 6. In Lewis structure for BRF2 (Make Br central atom). H O 3 4 O5 0 7 O 8 0 9 O 10 6
This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. See Answer. Question: Draw a Lewis Dot structure for BrF2^-. Please show all nonbonding electrons. Show transcribed image text. . Office works osborne park
There are three common types of molecules that form these structures, molecules with two single bonds (BeH 2 ), molecules with a two double bonds (CO2) and molecules with a single and triple bond (HCN). H-Be-H. O=C=O. H − C ≡ N. BeH 2. CO 2. HCN. Note, Beryllium can have less than an octet, while carbon can not. Aug 7, 2022 · A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the I3 - Lewis Dot Structure (Triiodide ion).For the I3 - structure use the periodic table to find the total number... Expert Answer. Flourine, Bromine, Iodine these all belong …. a. Choose the complete Lewis structure for the following partially completed Lewis structure. FF Br F F F Br. F F Bi F: FF BAS F: F :F Brz Enter the total number of valence electrons in the box b. Choose the complete Lewis structure for the following partially completed Lewis structure. SCO Lewis structure formal charges: Calculate the formal charges on atoms using the following formula: Formal charge = valence electrons – nonbonding electrons – ½ bonding electrons. For oxygen and sulfur atom, formal charge = 6 – 6 – ½ (2) = -1. For carbon atom, formal charge = 4 – 0 – ½ (4) = +2. 6. May 23, 2023 · Step #1: Calculate the total number of valence electrons. Here, the given ion is IBr2- ion. In order to draw the lewis structure of IBr2-, first of all you have to find the total number of valence electrons present in the IBr2- ion. (Valence electrons are the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom). Jun 23, 2023 · Step 2: Select the central atom. For selecting the center atom, you have to remember that the atom which is less electronegative remains at the center. Now here the given ion is PO3- ion and it contains phosphorus atom (P) and oxygen atoms (O). You can see the electronegativity values of phosphorus atom (P) and oxygen atom (O) in the above ... Jun 23, 2023 · Step 2: Select the central atom. For selecting the center atom, you have to remember that the atom which is less electronegative remains at the center. Now here the given ion is PO3- ion and it contains phosphorus atom (P) and oxygen atoms (O). You can see the electronegativity values of phosphorus atom (P) and oxygen atom (O) in the above ... The Lewis structure, also known as an electron dot structure, is a diagrammatic representation of determining the total number of valence electrons present in an atom that are ready to form bonds to form a molecule and, eventually, a compound. Table of Contents. How to draw Lewis Structure for H 2 O; Molecular Geometry of H 2 O; Hybridization ...Jan 5, 2023 · The total valence electron is available for IF2- lewis structure is 22. The steric number of iodine central atom in the IF2- the molecule is 5, thus, it forms Sp 3 d hybridization. The nature of IF2- is nonpolar because all dipoles that are generated along the bond will cancel out because of its symmetrical geometry of it. Jun 23, 2023 · Step 3: Connect each atoms by putting an electron pair between them. Now in the CO2 molecule, you have to put the electron pairs between the carbon atom (C) and oxygen atoms (O). This indicates that the carbon (C) and oxygen (O) are chemically bonded with each other in a CO2 molecule. Nitrogen fluoride oxide | F3NO | CID 26304 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities ...May 22, 2023 · Step #1: Calculate the total number of valence electrons. Here, the given molecule is BeF2 (beryllium difluoride). In order to draw the lewis structure of BeF2, first of all you have to find the total number of valence electrons present in the BeF2 molecule. (Valence electrons are the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom). Ernest Z. Apr 20, 2015. The answer is B) 3. The number of valence electrons is 7 + 2×7 + 1 = 22. If you draw a trial structure in which Br is the central atom and every atom has an octet, you will have used 20 electrons (2 lone pair on Br). The two extra lone pair electrons go on the Br. So Br has three lone pairs in BrF− 2.Draw the structure of M-P-V-G and indicate its amide bonds. Make a sketch of BrF_5. Draw the molecule, with the correct chirality, by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Draw the structure of 3-ethylhexanoic acid in line-bond form. Draw the correct bond-line structure for the following compound: CH_2 = CH CH_2 C(CH_3)_3 Oct 14, 2022 · In this structure Each single bond is 1σ bond . What are the Lewis structure rules? Lewis Structure of CO2 The central atom of this molecule is carbon. Oxygen contains 6 valence electrons which form 2 lone pairs. Lewis Structure of O2 An atom of oxygen contains 6 electrons in the valence shell. Lewis Structure of CO (Carbon Monoxide) BrF2 Структура на Люис нямат никаква форма, тъй като централният бромен атом е заобиколен от 4.5 области с електронна плътност – две единични връзки и 2.5 самотни двойки, което означава, че ...Resonance is a mental exercise and method within the Valence Bond Theory of bonding that describes the delocalization of electrons within molecules. It compares and contrasts two or more possible Lewis structures that can represent a particular molecule. Resonance structures are used when one Lewis structure for a single molecule cannot fully ... .