The Conquest of California, also known as the Conquest of Alta California or the California Campaign, was an important military campaign of the Mexican–American War carried out by the United States in Alta California (modern-day California ), then a part of Mexico. The conquest lasted from 1846 into 1847, until military leaders from both the ...geography of the Mexican-American War. Students will complete the maps to increase understanding of the territory involved in the war. SPECIFICS The amount of land that changed hands at the end of the Mexican-American War was vast. The territory held a multitude of climates from the most arid in the deserts of Arizona, Nevada, andOn February 2, 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed which officially ended the Mexican-American War. However, as the guns fell silent, and the men returned home, a new war was brewing, one that continues to shape the course of this country to this day. While Ulysses S. Grant might have argued that the Civil War was God’s ...Mexico attacked in April 1846, and when the Mexican-American War ended in February 1848, the border we see today began to take shape. On the east, the line would follow the Rio Grande.not even sure its above 1 million residents at the time of the Mexican-American War. much less, in 1840 it had 54k and in 1850 87k, so somewhere between there. Florida didn't break 1m until the 1920s. In 1850 only New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia, and Tennessee had over 1m people.The Mexican-American War Overview Map highlights the disputed territory that caused a war between Mexico and the United States. This United States Army produced map also highlights the blockades set by the United States Military and the important military battles of the war. This map is deceiving, at a casual glance it appears to be a map of ...Map of the Battle of Resaca de la Palma - May 9, 1846. Reference Maps on the Aftermath of the Mexican-American War 1846-1848. Fourteen Maps of the United States: Territorial Growth 1775-1970. Three Maps of the United States: Expansion 1783-1854. Map of the Expansion of the United States 1783-1907. Four Maps of the Organization of Territories in ...The Mexican War (also known as the Mexican-American War, the First American Intervention, and the U.S.–Mexican War) resulted from the annexation of Texas by the United States in 1845. Thirty-five thousand U.S. Army troops and 73,000 state volunteers fought in this war. Most volunteer regiments were from southern states, such as Louisiana, Tennessee, Missouri, and Texas. The war took place ...Nevertheless, the Mexican-American War had far-reaching consequences for both the United States, Mexico, and the Indigenous peoples whose land both nations claimed. First among these was the. cession. of about one third of Mexico’s territory to the United States, a landmass of over 338,000,000 acres.Winter 1997, Vol. 29, No. 4 | Genealogy Notes By Mitchell Yockelson Part 1 of this article in the fall issue (Vol. 29, No. 3) discussed the tumult following the 1910 Mexican Revolution and American concerns over the civil war in Mexico. Pancho Villa's raid on Columbus, New Mexico, on March 9, 1916, prompted the United States to organize an expedition in retaliation. While the army prepared for ...The Mexican Border War was the fifth and last major conflict fought on American soil, its predecessors being the American Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Mexican–American War (1846–1848), and the American Civil War. The end of the Mexican Revolution on December 1, 1920, marked the close of the American Frontier, although the American Indian ...The St. Patrick's Battalion—known in Spanish as el Batallón de los San Patricios —was a Mexican army unit comprised primarily of Irish Catholics who had defected from the invading US army during the Mexican-American War. The St. Patrick's Battalion was an elite artillery unit which inflicted great damage on the Americans during the battles ...You are viewing an original 1847 Map of Mexico, at the time of the Mexican War . It Covers the United States southwest of Georgia and Iowa, and south of Oregon Territory . It clearly features the Republic of Texas, which was the cause of the dispute. Insets describe the battlegrounds of the 8th and the 9th, May 1846, Plan of Monterey and its ...Mexican War Map: the Mexican minister at Washington, protested against the measure and demanded his passports. On June 4 following the President of Mexico (Herrera) issued a proclamation declaring the right of Mexico to the Texan territory, and his determination to defend it by arms, if necessary. At the same time there existed another cause ...The Battle of Palo Alto: May 8, 1846. The first major battle of the Mexican-American War took place at Palo Alto, not far from the US/Mexico border in Texas. By May of 1846, a series of skirmishes had flared into all-out war. Mexican General Mariano Arista laid siege to Fort Texas, knowing that American General Zachary Taylor would have to come ...Mexican-American War: 1846-1848. On May 13, 1846, the U.S. Congress voted in favor of President James Polk’s request to declare war on Mexico in a dispute over Texas.Under the threat of war, the ...Map of North America if the Mexican-American war never happened. Despite not being so explicit in the lore, the US regions are much poorer than their IRL counterparts. For exemple, Deseret has a third of Utahs GDP despite a slightly bigger population, and California is almost half of its IRL population and GDP. Not to mention the USA itself.The Battle of Palo Alto: May 8, 1846. The first major battle of the Mexican-American War took place at Palo Alto, not far from the US/Mexico border in Texas. By May of 1846, a series of skirmishes had flared into all-out war. Mexican General Mariano Arista laid siege to Fort Texas, knowing that American General Zachary Taylor would have to come ...The outcome of the Mexican-American War affects trade in the United States had very little impact on trade since the area gained was mountainous. The last option fits best as the answer to this question. Explanation: The Mexican-American War took place between 1846 and 1848 due to various factors.You are viewing an original 1847 Map of Mexico, at the time of the Mexican War . It Covers the United States southwest of Georgia and Iowa, and south of Oregon Territory . It clearly features the Republic of Texas, which was the cause of the dispute. Insets describe the battlegrounds of the 8th and the 9th, May 1846, Plan of Monterey and its ...The St. Patrick's Battalion—known in Spanish as el Batallón de los San Patricios —was a Mexican army unit comprised primarily of Irish Catholics who had defected from the invading US army during the Mexican-American War. The St. Patrick's Battalion was an elite artillery unit which inflicted great damage on the Americans during the battles ...The Battle of Contreras was fought on August 19-20, 1847, during the Mexican-American War. Advancing on Mexico City, American troops opened the Battle of Contreras by attacking Mexican forces led by Gen. Gabriel Valencia. Defeating the Mexicans at Contreras, American forces won again at Churubusco on the 20th.En Español The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, that brought an official end to the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), was signed on February 2, 1848, at Guadalupe Hidalgo, a city north of the capital where the Mexican government had fled with the advance of U.S. forces. By its terms, Mexico ceded 55 percent of its territory, including the present-day states California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico ...You are viewing an original 1847 Map of Mexico, at the time of the Mexican War . It Covers the United States southwest of Georgia and Iowa, and south of Oregon Territory . It clearly features the Republic of Texas, which was the cause of the dispute. Insets describe the battlegrounds of the 8th and the 9th, May 1846, Plan of Monterey and its ...The Mexican–American War, also known in the United States as the Mexican War, was an invasion of Mexico by the United States Army from 1846 to 1848. It followed the 1845 American annexation of Texas , which Mexico still considered its territory. Maps nos. 35, 36, 37, and 38 published separately in LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.) under entry nos. 30, 42, 51, and 76 respectively. ... Map The Mexican War, 1846-1848 ...Prior to the Mexican–American War Map of Mexico in 1842. In the mid-16th century, after the discovery of silver, settlers from various countries and backgrounds began to arrive in the area. This period of sparse settlement included colonizers from different backgrounds. The area was part of New Spain.Historical Map of North America & the Caribbean (13 May 1846 - Outbreak of the Mexican–American War: With the annexation of Texas, the US inherited that state's boundary dispute with Mexico. In a bid to settle the issue, as well as purchase the Mexican territories of Alta California and New Mexico, President Polk offered to pay $25 million ... The small American force had sustainedcomparatively serious losses-124 killed and 582 wounded-but they doggedly continuedtheir attack on Chapultepec, which finally fell on 13 September 1847.American losses were 138 killed and 673 wounded during the siege of the fortress.Mexican losses in killed, wounded, and captured totaled about 1,800. The ...The St. Patrick's Battalion—known in Spanish as el Batallón de los San Patricios —was a Mexican army unit comprised primarily of Irish Catholics who had defected from the invading US army during the Mexican-American War. The St. Patrick's Battalion was an elite artillery unit which inflicted great damage on the Americans during the battles ...10. It had one of the highest casualty rates of any American war. The U.S. never a lost a major battle during the Mexican-American War, but the victory still proved costly. Of the 79,000 American ...Mexico, he charged, “has invaded our territory and shed American blood upon American soil. ” Two days after Polk’s speech, Congress declared war on Mexico. The Mexican-American War had begun. The Fall of New Mexico and California A few months later, General Stephen Kearny led the Army of the West out of Kansas.The U.S. - Mexico War (1846-1848) is the largest and most significant armed struggle between two nations in the western hemisphere. Learn more about this historical event by browsing source materials from the United States and Mexico such as proclamations, graphics, letters, and diaries from the collections of the University of Texas at Arlington. In terms of secondary source materials, the standard account of cartographic history in the American west is by Carl Irving Wheat, Mapping the Transmississippi West, 1540–1861, vol. 3, From the Mexican War to the Boundary Surveys, 1846–1854 (San Francisco: Institute of Historical Cartography, 1959).Mexican-American War: 1846-1848. On May 13, 1846, the U.S. Congress voted in favor of President James Polk’s request to declare war on Mexico in a dispute over Texas.Under the threat of war, the ...In 1835 the American settlers revolted against Mexico and, in the following year, established their own Republic of Texas. Many Americans immediately began to demand that their nation make Texas a part of the United States. The Mexican government warned that this would mean war. In 1844 American elected James K. Polk as the nation's new president.Extremely detailed map showing Gen. Winfield Scott's Mexico City campaign during the Mexican War, Aug.-Sept. 1847. It outlines Mexican and American troop dispositions and movements during the three major battles around Mexico City: Contreras, Churubusco, and Molino del Rey (the fortress at Chapultepec). It details the topography and nineteenth ... It also set the Rio Grande as the border between Mexico and the United States. America agreed to pay Mexico 15 million dollars. Mexican-American War Articles and Activities. Zachary Taylor Buchanan Biography; Mr. Polk's War - A Fictional Dialogue Between President Polk and Lincoln About Imperalism and Manifest Destiny; America in 1848 Label-me MapImage: map showing the extent of Comanche raiding into Mexico during the 1830s and 1840s, from Brian Delay’s “War of a Thousand Deserts: Indian Raids and the U.S.-Mexican War.” The following article is primarily based on Delay’s work, as well as Pekka Hämäläinen’s “The Comanche Empire.” Download the PDF. Support this project.The Mexican War: A Discourse Delivered on the Annual Fast, 1847. 1847. 36 pp. Fiche GH: 33. Brantz, Mayer. History of the War between Mexico and the United States, with a Preliminary View of Its Origin. 1848. 188 pp. Fiche GH: 36. Brantz, Mayer. Mexico as It Was and as It Is. 1847. xii + 390 pp. Fiche GH: 41. Brooks, Nathan Covington.The Mexican-American War Maps This map shows some of the major battles and campaigns during the Mexican-American War. This image was created by Kaidor in 2012. This image is courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.When the war ended, the U.S. had acquired over 500,000 sq. miles of new land, including Texas and the Mexican territories that would eventually become the states of California, Arizona, New Mexico ...The small American force had sustainedcomparatively serious losses-124 killed and 582 wounded-but they doggedly continuedtheir attack on Chapultepec, which finally fell on 13 September 1847.American losses were 138 killed and 673 wounded during the siege of the fortress.Mexican losses in killed, wounded, and captured totaled about 1,800. The ...Extremely detailed map showing Gen. Winfield Scott's Mexico City campaign during the Mexican War, Aug.-Sept. 1847. It outlines Mexican and American troop dispositions and movements during the three major battles around Mexico City: Contreras, Churubusco, and Molino del Rey (the fortress at Chapultepec). It details the topography and nineteenth ... Mexico Texas United States Participants: Mexico United States Major Events: Battle of Buena Vista Battle of Cerro Gordo Battle of Contreras Battle of Palo Alto Battle of Chapultepec ... (Show more) Key People: John A. Logan James K. Polk Antonio López de Santa Anna Zachary Taylor Lewis Wallace See all related content → Top QuestionsThe Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in February 1848, was a triumph for American expansionism under which Mexico ceded nearly half its land to the United States. The Mexican Cession, as the conquest of land west of the Rio Grande was called, included the current states of California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and portions of ...Molino del Rey, 8 September 1847 .On 8 September 1847, the Americans launched an assault on Molino del Rey, themost important outwork of Chapultepec. It was taken after a bloody fight, inwhich the Mexicans suffered an estimated 2,000 casualties and lost 700 as prisoners,while perhaps as many as 2,000 deserted. The Mexican-American War was a defining moment in Mexican history. Initiated due to territorial disputes over modern-day Texas, the war was fought from 1846-1848 and ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in which Mexico formally ceded approximately 525,000 square miles of territory to the United States.Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. When the United States annexed Texas in 1845, Mexico severed relations with its northern neighbor. U.S. President James K. Polk sent diplomat John Slidell on a secret mission to Mexico to negotiate the disputed Texas border and to purchase the New Mexico and California territories. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, (Feb. 2, 1848), treaty between the United States and Mexico that ended the Mexican War. It was signed at Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo, which is a northern neighbourhood of Mexico City. The treaty drew the boundary between the United States and Mexico at the Rio Grande and the Gila River; for a payment of $15,000,000 ...Mexico Texas United States Participants: Mexico United States Major Events: Battle of Buena Vista Battle of Cerro Gordo Battle of Contreras Battle of Palo Alto Battle of Chapultepec ... (Show more) Key People: John A. Logan James K. Polk Antonio López de Santa Anna Zachary Taylor Lewis Wallace See all related content → Top QuestionsMexican War Map: the Mexican minister at Washington, protested against the measure and demanded his passports. On June 4 following the President of Mexico (Herrera) issued a proclamation declaring the right of Mexico to the Texan territory, and his determination to defend it by arms, if necessary. At the same time there existed another cause ...Winter 1997, Vol. 29, No. 4 | Genealogy Notes By Mitchell Yockelson Part 1 of this article in the fall issue (Vol. 29, No. 3) discussed the tumult following the 1910 Mexican Revolution and American concerns over the civil war in Mexico. Pancho Villa's raid on Columbus, New Mexico, on March 9, 1916, prompted the United States to organize an expedition in retaliation. While the army prepared for ...A map of the campaigns of the Mexican-American War, via the US Army As expected, the US quickly moved to protect its borders. American armies would move south from the Rio Grande into Mexico and from Kansas into New Mexico Territory to take Santa Fe. After taking Santa Fe against little opposition, General Kearney headed west to California (map ...Please see the talk page for more information. (April 2019) The Battle of Cerro Gordo, or Battle of Sierra Gordo, [2] was an engagement in the Mexican–American War on April 18, 1847. The battle saw Winfield Scott 's United States troops outflank Antonio López de Santa Anna 's larger Mexican army, driving it from a strong defensive position.The Mexican-American War was a defining moment in Mexican history. Initiated due to territorial disputes over modern-day Texas, the war was fought from 1846-1848 and ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in which Mexico formally ceded approximately 525,000 square miles of territory to the United States.Show the class a map of the United States before the Mexican-American War and discuss the problems between America and Mexico regarding western lands, including Texas, prior to the war.Texas Revolution, also called War of Texas Independence, war fought from October 1835 to April 1836 between Mexico and Texas colonists that resulted in Texas’s independence from Mexico and the founding of the Republic of Texas (1836–45). Although the Texas Revolution was bookended by the Battles of Gonzales and San Jacinto, armed conflict ...The Mexican-American War | War on Ukraine Parallel. It's probably more realistic that America would invade Mexico City from the East as that's the far easier path, but overall this is a neat concept and a very cool map! And the Spanish, the French did it twice... it's THE way to invade Mexico City.American forces withstand Mexican Army attacks. (A) Battle of Palo Alto. May 8. Mexican Army under Mariano Arista in the disputed land between the Rio Grande (Río Bravo) and the Nueces River engage an American army attempting to lift the aforementioned Siege of Fort Texas. (A) Battle of Resaca de la Palma.The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in February 1848, was a triumph for American expansionism under which Mexico ceded nearly half its land to the United States. The Mexican Cession, as the conquest of land west of the Rio Grande was called, included the current states of California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and portions of ...The Mexican-American War was a defining moment in Mexican history. Initiated due to territorial disputes over modern-day Texas, the war was fought from 1846-1848 and ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in which Mexico formally ceded approximately 525,000 square miles of territory to the United States.The St. Patrick's Battalion—known in Spanish as el Batallón de los San Patricios —was a Mexican army unit comprised primarily of Irish Catholics who had defected from the invading US army during the Mexican-American War. The St. Patrick's Battalion was an elite artillery unit which inflicted great damage on the Americans during the battles ...The U.S. - Mexico War (1846-1848) is the largest and most significant armed struggle between two nations in the western hemisphere. Learn more about this historical event by browsing source materials from the United States and Mexico such as proclamations, graphics, letters, and diaries from the collections of the University of Texas at Arlington. The Mexican-American war in a nutshell. May marks two key anniversaries in the conflict between the United States and Mexico that set in motion the Civil War—and led to California, Texas, and eight other states joining the Union. On May 13, 1846, the United States Congress declared war on Mexico after a request from President James K. Polk.The Mexican War (also known as the Mexican-American War, the First American Intervention, and the U.S.–Mexican War) resulted from the annexation of Texas by the United States in 1845. Thirty-five thousand U.S. Army troops and 73,000 state volunteers fought in this war. Most volunteer regiments were from southern states, such as Louisiana, Tennessee, Missouri, and Texas. The war took place ...LA ANGOSTURA, Mexico — On the grassy, windswept hill where soldiers from north and south fought one of the most important battles of the Mexican-American War, the crunch and grind of a sand and ...10. It had one of the highest casualty rates of any American war. The U.S. never a lost a major battle during the Mexican-American War, but the victory still proved costly. Of the 79,000 American ...March, 1846. General Taylor leads troops past the Nueces River toward the Rio Grande River, through and into the land that both the U.S. and Mexico claimed as its own. April 25, 1846. The Mexican-American War begins when Mexican troops cross north of the Rio Grande River and opened fire on U.S. troops at Fort Texas. May 8, 1846. Nov 9, 2009 · The Mexican-American War was a 1846-1848 conflict over vast territories in the American West, which the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo gave to the United States. Shows This Day In History... On May 13, 1846, the United States declared war on Mexico, beginning the Mexican-American War. The Mexican-American War is one of the least known pivotal moments in US History. It paved the way for so many other important events, from the expansion and dispossession of indigenous people, the California Gold Rush, and American Civil War.The Mexican War (also known as the Mexican-American War, the First American Intervention, and the U.S.–Mexican War) resulted from the annexation of Texas by the United States in 1845. Thirty-five thousand U.S. Army troops and 73,000 state volunteers fought in this war. Most volunteer regiments were from southern states, such as Louisiana, Tennessee, Missouri, and Texas. The war took place ...On February 2, 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed which officially ended the Mexican-American War. However, as the guns fell silent, and the men returned home, a new war was brewing, one that continues to shape the course of this country to this day. While Ulysses S. Grant might have argued that the Civil War was God’s ...The Mexican-American War was a defining moment in Mexican history. Initiated due to territorial disputes over modern-day Texas, the war was fought from 1846-1848 and ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in which Mexico formally ceded approximately 525,000 square miles of territory to the United States.American forces withstand Mexican Army attacks. (A) Battle of Palo Alto. May 8. Mexican Army under Mariano Arista in the disputed land between the Rio Grande (Río Bravo) and the Nueces River engage an American army attempting to lift the aforementioned Siege of Fort Texas. (A) Battle of Resaca de la Palma. The U.S. - Mexico War (1846-1848) is the largest and most significant armed struggle between two nations in the western hemisphere. Learn more about this historical event by browsing source materials from the United States and Mexico such as proclamations, graphics, letters, and diaries from the collections of the University of Texas at Arlington.Historical Map of North America & the Caribbean (13 May 1846 - Outbreak of the Mexican–American War: With the annexation of Texas, the US inherited that state's boundary dispute with Mexico. In a bid to settle the issue, as well as purchase the Mexican territories of Alta California and New Mexico, President Polk offered to pay $25 million ... Mexican-American War Map. The conflict between the United States and Mexico in 1846-48 had its roots in the annexation of Texas and the westward thrust of American settlers. On assuming the American presidency in 1845, James K. Polk attempted to secure Mexican agreement to setting the boundary at the Rio Grande and to the sale of northern ...Mexico Texas United States Participants: Mexico United States Major Events: Battle of Buena Vista Battle of Cerro Gordo Battle of Contreras Battle of Palo Alto Battle of Chapultepec ... (Show more) Key People: John A. Logan James K. Polk Antonio López de Santa Anna Zachary Taylor Lewis Wallace See all related content → Top Questions
In this map, the top edge of the colored area reveals the Mexico-US border in the year 1830. The difference in Mexico’s northern boundary between then and today reveals all that was lost during Santa Anna’s career, as a result of: Texan independence (Treaty of Velasco, 1836), the Mexican-American War (Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848), and the Treaty of Mesilla (also known as the Gadsden .... Get10offwallpaper
The Mexican-American War. by Dr. Kimberly Kutz Elliott. Opinion on the war with Mexico was divided and Woodville therefore depicted a range of responses among the figures reading the latest news in a Western outpost. Detail, Richard Caton Woodville, War News from Mexico, 1848, oil on canvas, 68.6 × 63.5 cm (Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art).The Mexican War: A Discourse Delivered on the Annual Fast, 1847. 1847. 36 pp. Fiche GH: 33. Brantz, Mayer. History of the War between Mexico and the United States, with a Preliminary View of Its Origin. 1848. 188 pp. Fiche GH: 36. Brantz, Mayer. Mexico as It Was and as It Is. 1847. xii + 390 pp. Fiche GH: 41. Brooks, Nathan Covington.Molino del Rey, 8 September 1847 .On 8 September 1847, the Americans launched an assault on Molino del Rey, themost important outwork of Chapultepec. It was taken after a bloody fight, inwhich the Mexicans suffered an estimated 2,000 casualties and lost 700 as prisoners,while perhaps as many as 2,000 deserted. Texas Revolution, also called War of Texas Independence, war fought from October 1835 to April 1836 between Mexico and Texas colonists that resulted in Texas’s independence from Mexico and the founding of the Republic of Texas (1836–45). Although the Texas Revolution was bookended by the Battles of Gonzales and San Jacinto, armed conflict ...The Mexican-American War | War on Ukraine Parallel. It's probably more realistic that America would invade Mexico City from the East as that's the far easier path, but overall this is a neat concept and a very cool map! And the Spanish, the French did it twice... it's THE way to invade Mexico City.Mexican-American War (1846-48). The Mexican-American War was a war of national aggression to gain territory. It followed the 1845 annexation of Texas, which Mexico regarded as its territory. In 1836 the Texian Army won the Battle of San Jacinto against Mexican forces, led by famed general Santa Anna, and the Republic of Texas declared its ...In 1835 the American settlers revolted against Mexico and, in the following year, established their own Republic of Texas. Many Americans immediately began to demand that their nation make Texas a part of the United States. The Mexican government warned that this would mean war. In 1844 American elected James K. Polk as the nation's new president.The Mexican Cession ( Spanish: Cesión mexicana) is the region in the modern-day southwestern United States that Mexico originally controlled, then ceded to the United States in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 after the Mexican–American War. This region had not been part of the areas east of the Rio Grande that had been claimed by the ...See how a border dispute with Mexico caused it to lose nearly half of its territory to the United States. Support this channel with my Patreon!: https://www...t. e. The Texas Revolution (October 2, 1835 – April 21, 1836) was a rebellion of colonists from the United States and Tejanos (Hispanic Texans) against the centralist government of Mexico in the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas. Although the uprising was part of a larger one, the Mexican Federalist War, that included other provinces opposed ...Mexican-American War Map. The conflict between the United States and Mexico in 1846-48 had its roots in the annexation of Texas and the westward thrust of American settlers. On assuming the American presidency in 1845, James K. Polk attempted to secure Mexican agreement to setting the boundary at the Rio Grande and to the sale of northern ... .